Tolerancia a la sombra
Capacidad relativa para crecer con menos luz. No indica la exposición preferida.
Tolerancia a la sequía
Resistencia relativa a la falta de agua. No fija la frecuencia de riego.
Características de la planta
Altura vegetativa observada Altura reproductiva observada
Peso de una semilla, expresado en miligramos.
Forma de vida de Raunkiær Diámetro de extensión radicular observado Volumen radicular observado
Suelo Tolerancia a la salinidad
Profundidad radicular mínima
Agua y suelo Tolerancia al encharcamiento
Uso relativo de la humedad del suelo
Frío y desarrollo Temperatura mínima tolerada
Estos datos describen tolerancias observadas y no sustituyen una guía de cuidados adaptada al clima y al suelo de tu jardín.
Rango de precipitación anual 762–1.397 mm/año [1] Luminosidad del hábitat Nivel 7 de 9 [3] Humedad atmosférica del hábitat Nivel 4 de 9 [5] Nutrientes del suelo en el hábitat Nivel 3 de 9 [3] Salinidad del suelo en el hábitat No aparece en suelos salinos (nivel 0 de 9) [3] Persistencia en el banco de semillas Persistente a corto plazo [4] Índice de persistencia del banco de semillas 0,51 [4] Longevidad máxima observada de las semillas 5,33 años [4] Distribución
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Distribución
[6] · Límites cartográficos
[7]
Nombre aceptado Betula pendula [8] Roth Forma de vida Árbol[6] Planta leñosa perenne con un tronco principal que sostiene la copa. Referencia Tent. Fl. Germ., 1: 405, (1788)[6]
Meses de floración enero, abril, mayo [3] Fuentes de los datos Los datos TRY se presentan con categorías y unidades normalizadas; cuando existen varias observaciones, PlantSearch las consolida conservando debajo sus referencias originales.
[1] USDA PLANTS [2] Trefle · Licencia de origen no verificada [3] Trefle · TRY · CC-BY-4.0 [4] TRY Plant Trait Database · CC BY 4.0 31 conjuntos de datos públicos de TRY utilizados PLANTSdata USDA Green, W. 2009. USDA PLANTS Compilation, version 1, 09-02-02. (http://bricol.net/downloads/data/PLANTSdatabase/) NRCS: The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 1 Feb 2009). National Plant Data Center: Baton Rouge, LA 70874-74490 USA. Gift - Plant Growth Form Dataset Weigelt, P., C. König, and H. Kreft (2019) GIFT A Global Inventory of Floras and Traits for macroecology and biogeography. bioRxiv doi.org/10.1101/535005 BIOPOP: Functional Traits for Nature Conservation Poschlod, P., M. Kleyer, A. K. Jackel, A. Dannemann, and O. Tackenberg. 2003. BIOPOP - a database of plant traits and Internet application for nature conservation. Folia Geobotanica 38:263-271. Global Seed Mass, Plant Height Database Moles, A. T., D. S. Falster, M. R. Leishman, and M. Westoby. 2004. Small-seeded species produce more seeds per square metre of canopy per year, but not per individual per lifetime. Journal of Ecology 92:384-396. Root Systems of Individual Plants (RSIP) Tumber-Dávila, S.J., Schenk, H.J., Du, E. and Jackson, R.B. (2022), Plant sizes and shapes above and belowground and their interactions with climate. New Phytol. Sheffield-Iran-Spain Database Díaz, S., J. G. Hodgson, K. Thompson, M. Cabido, J. H. C. Cornelissen, A. Jalili, G. Montserrat-Martí, J. P. Grime, F. Zarrinkamar, Y. Asri, S. R. Band, S. Basconcelo, P. Castro-Díez, G. Funes, B. Hamzehee, M. Khoshnevi, N. Pérez-Harguindeguy, M. C. Pérez-Rontomé, F. A. Shirvany, F. Vendramini, S. Yazdani, R. Abbas-Azimi, A. Bogaard, S. Boustani, M. Charles, M. Dehghan, L. de Torres-Espuny, V. Falczuk, J. Guerrero-Campo, A. Hynd, G. Jones, E. Kowsary, F. Kazemi-Saeed, M. Maestro-Martínez, A. Romo-Díez, S. Shaw, B. Siavash, P. Villar-Salvador, and M. R. Zak. 2004. The plant traits that drive ecosystems: Evidence from three continents. Journal of Vegetation Science 15:295-304. The LEDA Traitbase Kleyer, M., R. M. Bekker, I. C. Knevel, J. P. Bakker, K. Thompson, M. Sonnenschein, P. Poschlod, J. M. van Groenendael, L. Klimes, J. Klimesova, S. Klotz, G. M. Rusch, Hermy, M. , D. Adriaens, G. Boedeltje, B. Bossuyt, A. Dannemann, P. Endels, L. Götzenberger, J. G. Hodgson, A.-K. Jackel, I. Kühn, D. Kunzmann, W. A. Ozinga, C. Römermann, M. Stadler, J. Schlegelmilch, H. J. Steendam, O. Tackenberg, B. Wilmann, J. H. C. Cornelissen, O. Eriksson, E. Garnier, and B. Peco. 2008. The LEDA Traitbase: a database of life-history traits of the Northwest European flora. Journal of Ecology 96:1266-1274. TRY Categorical Traits Dataset (update 2018) unpub. BAAD: a biomass and allometry database for woody plants Falster DS, Remko A. Duursma, Masae I. Ishihara, Diego R. Barneche, Richard G. FitzJohn, Angelica Våhammar, Masahiro Aiba, Makoto Ando, Niels Anten, Michael J. Aspinwall, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Christopher Baraloto, Michael Battaglia, John J. Battles, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Michiel van Breugel, James Camac, Yves Claveau, Lluís Coll, Masako Dannoura, Sylvain Delagrange, Jean-Christophe Domec, Farrah Fatemi, Wang Feng, Veronica Gargaglione, Yoshiaki Goto, Akio Hagihara, Jefferson S. Hall, Steve Hamilton, Degi Harja, Tsutom Hiura, Robert Holdaway, Lindsay B. Hutley, Tomoaki Ichie, Eric J. Jokela, Anu Kantola, Jeff W. G. Kelly, Tanaka Kenzo, David King, Brian D. Kloeppel, Takashi Kohyama, Akira Komiyama, Jean-Paul Laclau, Christopher H. Lusk, Douglas A. Maguire, Guerric le Maire, Annikki Mäkelä, Lars Markesteijn, John Marshall, Katherine McCulloh, Itsuo Miyata, Karel Mokany, Shigeta Mori, Randall W. Myster, Masahiro Nagano, Shawna L. Naidu, Yann Nouvellon, Anthony P. OGrady, Kevin L. OHara, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Noriyuki Osada, Olusegun O. Osunkoya, Pablo Luis Peri, Any Mary Petritan, Lourens Poorter, Angelika Portsmuth, Catherine Potvin, Johannes Ransijn, Douglas Reid, Sabina C. Ribeiro, Scott D. Roberts, Rolando Rodríguez, Angela Saldaña-Acosta, Ignacio Santa-Regina, Kaichiro Sasa, N. Galia Selaya, Stephen C. Sillett, Frank Sterck, Kentaro Takagi, Takeshi Tange, Hiroyuki Tanouchi, David Tissue, Toru Umehara, Hajime Utsugi, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Fernando Valladares, Petteri Vanninen, Jian R. Wang, Elizabeth Wenk, Richard Williams, Fabiano de Aquino Ximenes, Atsushi Yamaba, Toshihiro Yamada, Takuo Yamakura, Ruth D. Yanai, and Robert A. York. 2015. BAAD: a biomass and allometry database for woody plants. Ecology 96:1445.http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-1889.1 Baccara - Plant Traits of European Forests unpub. BROT 2.0 Tavsanoglu C. & Pausas J.G. 2018. A functional trait database for Mediterranean Basin plants. Scientific Data 5:180135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135 GLOPNET - Global Plant Trait Network Database Wright, I. J., P. B. Reich, M. Westoby, D. D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch, F. Bongers, J. Cavender-Bares, T. Chapin, J. H. C. Cornelissen, M. Diemer, J. Flexas, E. Garnier, P. K. Groom, J. Gulias, K. Hikosaka, B. B. Lamont, T. Lee, W. Lee, C. Lusk, J. J. Midgley, M. L. Navas, U. Niinemets, J. Oleksyn, N. Osada, H. Poorter, P. Poot, L. Prior, V. I. Pyankov, C. Roumet, S. C. Thomas, M. G. Tjoelker, E. J. Veneklaas, and R. Villar. 2004. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature 428:821-827. Growth and Herbivory of Juvenil Trees unpub. Hydraulic traits are coordinated with maximum plant height at the global scale Hui Liu et al. (2019) Hydraulic traits are coordinated with maximum plant height at the global scale. Sci.Adv.5, eaav1332 DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aav1332 Italian Alps Plant Traits Database Bragazza L (2009) Conservation priority of Italian alpine habitats: a floristic approach based on potential distribution of vascular plant species. Biodiversity and Conservation 18: 28232835. LandEcoTraits Schleicher, A., C. Peppler-Lisbach, and M. Kleyer. 2011. Functional traits during succession: is plant community assembly trait-driven? Preslia 83:347-370. Root traits from Wurzelatlas images (Arias & Diaz 2024) Arias, G. & Díaz, S. 2024. Root architecture dataset based on the drawings of the Root Atlases of L. Kutschera, E. Lichnegger and M. Soboti (1982-2009) The Functional Ecology of Trees (FET) Database - Jena Wirth, C. and J. W. Lichstein. 2009. The Imprint of Species Turnover on Old-Growth Forest Carbon Balances - Insights From a Trait-Based Model of Forest Dynamics. Pages 81-113 in C. Wirth, G. Gleixner, and M. Heimann, editors. Old-Growth Forests: Function, Fate and Value. Springer, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg. The Netherlands Plant Traits Database Ordonez, J. C., P. M. van Bodegom, J. P. M. Witte, R. P. Bartholomeus, J. R. van Hal, and R. Aerts. 2010. Plant Strategies in Relation to Resource Supply in Mesic to Wet Environments: Does Theory Mirror Nature? American Naturalist 175:225-239. The Tallo Database Jucker, T., Fischer, F. J. et al. (2022). Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database. Global Change Biology, 28, 52545268. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16302 and dataset DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6637599 The VISTA Plant Trait Database Garnier, E. et al. .2007. Assessing the effects of land-use change on plant traits, communities and ecosystem functioning in grasslands: A standardized methodology and lessons from an application to 11 European sites. Annals of Botany 99:967-985. Tree and Forest Biomass Distribution Usoltsev V. A. (2020) Stem Taper, Density and Dry Matter Content in Biomass of Trees Growing in Central Eurasia. Monograph. Russian Academy of Science, Ural Branch, Botanical Garden, Eekaterinburg Watkins, Sjoman and Hitchmough CSR ordination of trees unpub. Xylem Functional Traits (XFT) Database Brendan Choat, Steven Jansen, Tim J. Brodribb, Herve Cochard, Sylvain Delzon, Radika Bhaskar, Sandra J. Bucci, Taylor S. Feild, Sean M. Gleason, Uwe G. Hacke, Anna L. Jacobsen, Frederic Lens, Hafiz Maherali, Jordi Martinez-Vilalta, Stefan Mayr, Maurizio Mencuccini, Patrick J. Mitchell, Andrea Nardini, Jarmila Pittermann, R. Brandon Pratt, John S. Sperry, Mark Westoby, Ian J. Wright & Amy E. Zanne (2012) Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought. Nature 491:752-755 doi:10.1038/nature11688 Ecological Flora of the British Isles Fitter, A. H. and H. J. Peat 1994. The Ecological Flora Database. Journal of Ecology 82:415-425. KEW Seed Information Database (SID) Royal Botanical Gardens KEW. 2008. Seed Information Database (SID). Version 7.1. Available from: http://data.kew.org/sid/ (May 2008). Seed Information Database (SID) Seed Mass 2010 Royal Botanical Gardens KEW. Seed Information Database (SID), http://data.kew.org/sid/ accessed May 2014 Seed Information Database, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. (2019) Seed Information Database (SID). Version 7.1. Available from: http://data.kew.org/sid/ (06 2019) Seed Mass from Literature unpub. Sheffield Database Cornelissen, J. H. C., P. C. Diez, and R. Hunt. 1996. Seedling growth, allocation and leaf attributes in a wide range of woody plant species and types. Journal of Ecology 84:755-765. Ukranian Plant Trait Database (UkrTrait) vs 1.0 Vynokurov D et al. (2024) Ukrainian Plant Trait Database: UkrTrait v. 1.0. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e118128. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e118128 [5] Trefle · Baseflor · Licencia de origen no verificada [6] World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) · Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew [7] WGSRPD boundary data · Flora Codex (CC BY 4.0), Natural Earth y TDWG [8] World Flora Online Plant List · publicación 2026-06 · CC0
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Datos taxonómicos de World Flora Online Plant List, publicación 2026-06. Backbone distribuido como CC0.
